Umunsi mukuru
Ku ya 8 Werurwe ni umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore bakora.Birakenewe kuganira kubyo bisobanura kubagore ko imodoka nyinshi zisanzwe zifitanye isano namashusho yabagabo.
Ibihugu n'uturere dutandukanye bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru.Bamwe bibanda ku kubaha, gushima no gukunda abagore, ndetse bamwe bishimira ibyo abagore bagezeho mu rwego rw'ubukungu, politiki ndetse n'imibereho myiza.Kugeza ubu, umuryango w’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa uhangayikishijwe cyane n’uburyo bwo kurushaho kurekura agaciro k’umuntu n’ubuhanga bw’abakozi b’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’uburyo bwo gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere umwuga ku bakozi b’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.Yatanze politiki nkingamba nyinshi zo gushyigikira impano yubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu bagore kugira uruhare runini mu guhanga ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, zifite impinduka zitigeze zibaho mu myaka ijana, ni urwego rukomeye rwo guhanga udushya.Ku mugoroba ubanziriza iri serukiramuco, Sosiyete y’Ubushinwa y’Ubwubatsi bw’imodoka yakiriye salon ya gatandatu y’abagore y’ikoranabuhanga mu guhanga udushya ndetse n’ihuriro ry’abagore Elite ry’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushinwa n’ikoranabuhanga.
Umwanditsi yatumiriwe kwakira ihuriro ry’imbonerahamwe rifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “imbaraga z’umugore n’uburinganire bw’agaciro mu nganda z’imodoka”, barimo abashakashatsi b’abagore n’abayobozi bakuru b’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ibigo by’itangazamakuru n’ibitabo, ndetse n’amasosiyete yatangije, kuva iterambere ryimyuga yabategarugori murwego rwimodoka kuringaniza ubuzima nakazi, hanyuma bikenewe kumenya byinshi kuburambe bwabashoferi b'abagore muri algorithm yo gutwara byikora.Ikiganiro gishyushye cyasojwe mu nteruro imwe: imodoka ntizemera ko abagore bagenda, kandi imbaraga z’abagore zigira uruhare mu nganda z’imodoka zifite ubujyakuzimu n'ubugari butigeze bubaho.
Ibidukikije
Umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Abafaransa Beauvoir yavuze muri “Igitsina cya kabiri” ko usibye imibonano mpuzabitsina isanzwe, ibintu byose “by’umugore” biranga abagore biterwa na sosiyete, ndetse n’abagabo.Yashimangiye ko ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini ku buringanire bw’umugabo, ndetse n’ingufu zifatika.Kubera urwego rwo guteza imbere umusaruro, abagore bari mumwanya w "igitsina cya kabiri" kuva abantu binjira mumuryango w'abakurambere.Ariko uyumunsi, duhuye nimpinduramatwara ya kane yinganda.Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imibereho, bushingiye cyane ku mbaraga z'umubiri, burahinduka vuba muburyo bushya bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, bushingiye cyane ku bwenge bwo hejuru no guhanga.Ni muri urwo rwego, abagore babonye umwanya utigeze ubaho mu iterambere ndetse n’ubwisanzure bwo guhitamo.Uruhare rwumugore mubikorwa byimibereho nubuzima rwazamutse vuba.Umuryango ukunda cyane uburinganire bwihuta.
Guhindura inganda zikora imodoka nizitwara neza, ziha abagore amahitamo menshi nubwisanzure, haba mubuzima ndetse no guteza imbere umwuga.
Imodoka
Imodoka yahambiriwe kuburyo budasanzwe nabagore kuva yavuka.Umushoferi wa mbere ku isi ni Bertha Linger, umugore wa Carl Benz;Abakiriya b'abakiriya b'ikirango cyiza gifite 34% ~ 40%;Dukurikije imibare y’amashyirahamwe y’ubushakashatsi, ibitekerezo by’abagore bigira uruhare runini mu mahitamo atatu yanyuma yo kugura imodoka mu muryango.Imishinga yimodoka ntabwo yigeze yitondera cyane ibyiyumvo byabakiriya babagore.Usibye kugaburira abakiriya benshi b'abakobwa ukurikije imiterere n'amabara, banita cyane ku bunararibonye bw'abagenzi b'abagore mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'imbere, nk'imodoka itwara abagenzi yihariye;Kuba ibinyabiziga bikwirakwiza byikora, gukoresha amakarita yo kugendagenda, parikingi yigenga hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha ndetse ndetse no mu rwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byikora, harimo kugabana imodoka, byose bituma abagore bagira umudendezo mwinshi nibyishimo mumodoka.
Amakuru, software, ubwenge bwa enterineti ihuza, Igisekuru Z… imodoka zahawe ibintu byinshi bigezweho kandi byikoranabuhanga.Ibigo by’imodoka n’ibinyabiziga bigenda bikuraho buhoro buhoro ishusho y '“ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga umuntu”, bitangira “gusohoka mu ruziga”, “kwambuka umupaka”, “ubuvanganzo n’ubuhanzi”, kandi ibirango by’uburinganire nabyo ntibibogamye.
Carmaking
Nubwo iyi ikiri inganda yiganjemo abajenjeri b’abagabo, hamwe no guha imbaraga porogaramu zitandukanye n’ikoranabuhanga rishya, abashakashatsi b’imodoka n’abagore benshi bagaragaye ku rutonde rw’abakozi bakuru ba R&D n’abayobozi bakuru mu myaka yashize.Imodoka iha abagore umwanya munini wo gukura mu mwuga.
Mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka, visi perezida ushinzwe ibibazo rusange ni abagore, nka Yang Meihong wo muri Ford China na Wan Li wo mu Bushinwa.Bakoresha imbaraga zabagore mukubaka amarangamutima mashya hagati yibicuruzwa nabakoresha, ibigo nabaguzi nibitangazamakuru.Mu birango by’imodoka z’Abashinwa, nta Wang Fengying gusa, umukinnyi w’imodoka uzwi cyane wabaye perezida wa Xiaopeng Automobile, ariko na Wang Ruiping, visi perezida mukuru wa Geely, ukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere bigoye- sisitemu yibanze yikoranabuhanga.Bombi bareba kure kandi bafite ubutwari, kandi bafite ubuhanga budasanzwe nuburyo butinyutse.Bahindutse imana yo mu nyanja.Abayobozi benshi b'abagore bagaragaye mu masosiyete atangiza ibinyabiziga, nka Cai Na, visi perezida wa Minmo Zhihang, Huo Jing, visi perezida wa Qingzhou Zhihang, na Teng Xuebei, umuyobozi mukuru wa Xiaoma Zhihang.Hariho kandi abagore benshi b'indashyikirwa mu mashyirahamwe y’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, nka Gong Weijie, umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije w’umuryango w’ubushinwa w’ubwubatsi bw’imodoka, na Zhao Haiqing, perezida w’ishami ry’imodoka ry’itangazamakuru ry’inganda.
Ibirango n'imibanire rusange nibice gakondo byubuhanga bwabamotari b’abagore, kandi hariho abakozi benshi bo mu nzego z'ibanze kugeza ku bayobozi bo hagati n'abayobozi bakuru.Mu myaka yashize, twabonye abayobozi benshi mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse no mubyiciro by’amasomo aho usanga abagore bakunze “kubura cyane”, nka Zhou Shiying, visi perezida w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’itsinda rya FAW, Wang Fang, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa. Centre, na Nie Bingbing, umwarimu wungirije wungirije akaba n’umunyamabanga wungirije wa komite y’ishyaka ry’ishuri ry’ibinyabiziga n’ubwikorezi muri kaminuza ya Tsinghua, Zhu Shaopeng, umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy’imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ubuhanga bw’ibinyabiziga muri kaminuza ya Zhejiang, watwaye hanze ubupayiniya bwo murugo mubijyanye nimashini zamashanyarazi
Nk’uko imibare iheruka y’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushinwa n’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga ribivuga, mu Bushinwa hari miliyoni 40 z’abakozi b’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu bagore, bangana na 40%.Umwanditsi nta makuru afite ku nganda z’imodoka, ariko kugaragara kwabo bakozi b’imodoka "bo mu rwego rwo hejuru" birashobora gutuma byibura inganda zibona imbaraga z’abagore kandi bigatanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere umwuga w’abandi bakozi b’ikoranabuhanga.
kwigirira icyizere
Mu nganda z’imodoka, ni izihe mbaraga imbaraga zumugore zizamuka?
Ihuriro ryameza, abashyitsi bashyize imbere amagambo menshi yingenzi, nko kwitegereza, kubabarana, kwihanganirana, kwihangana, nibindi.Ikintu gishimishije cyane nuko imodoka yigenga isanga "ikinyabupfura" mukizamini.Biragaragara ko impamvu ari uko barushaho kwigana akamenyero ko gutwara abashoferi b'abagabo.Kubwibyo, ibigo bitwara ibinyabiziga byikora bibwira ko bigomba kureka algorithm ikiga byinshi kubashoferi b'abagore.Mubyukuri, duhereye ku mibare y'ibarurishamibare, impanuka z’abashoferi b’abagore ziri hasi cyane ugereranije n’abashoferi b’abagabo.Ati: “Abagore barashobora gutuma imodoka zirushaho kuba umuco.”
Abagore bo mu masosiyete yatangije bavuze ko badashaka gufatwa neza kubera uburinganire, nk'uko badashaka kwirengagizwa kubera uburinganire.Aba bagore bashimangira ubumenyi basaba uburinganire nyabwo munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.Umwanditsi yibutse imbaraga nshya zo kubaka imodoka yari yaguye.Igihe isosiyete yerekanaga ibimenyetso byikibazo, uwashinze umugabo yarahunze, amaherezo umuyobozi wumugore aguma inyuma.Mu ngorane zose, yagerageje gukemura icyo kibazo no kugabanya umushahara.Ubwanyuma, nubwo byari bigoye kwihagararaho wenyine kandi inyubako yagwa, ubutwari, inshingano ninshingano byabagore mugihe gikomeye byatumye uruziga rutangara.
Izi nkuru zombi zishobora kuvugwa ko aribisanzwe byerekana imbaraga zabagore mumodoka.Ku bw'ivyo, abashyitsi baravuze bati: “Wizere!”
Umufilozofe w’Abafaransa Sartre yizeraga ko kubaho bibanziriza ishingiro.Abantu ntibahitamo ibikorwa byabo bishingiye kuri kamere ihamye kandi yashizweho, ahubwo inzira yo kwishushanya no kwihingamo, kandi ikanagena kubaho kwabo mugiteranyo cyibikorwa.Kubijyanye no guteza imbere umwuga no gukura kwabantu, abantu barashobora gukina ibikorwa byabo bifatika, guhitamo icyizere umwuga bakunda, kandi bagakomeza kwihangana kugirango bagere ku ntsinzi.Ni muri urwo rwego, abagabo n'abagore ntibacitsemo ibice.Niba ushimangiye cyane ku "bagore", uzibagirwa uburyo bwo kuba "abantu", ibyo bikaba aribyo byumvikanyweho nabagore babishoboye babishoboye mubikorwa byimodoka.
Ni muri urwo rwego, umwanditsi atigera yemeranya n '“Umunsi w’imana” n' “Umunsi w’umwamikazi”.Niba abagore bashaka gukurikirana iterambere ryiza ryumwuga hamwe niterambere ryumuntu ku giti cye, bagomba kubanza kwifata nk "abantu", ntabwo "imana" cyangwa "abami".Mu bihe bya none, ijambo "abagore", ryari rizwi cyane hamwe n’umutwe wo ku ya 4 Gicurasi no gukwirakwiza Marxisme, "abagore bubatse" hamwe n "" abagore batashyingiranywe ", ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ubwisanzure n’uburinganire.
Nibyo, ntabwo abantu bose bagomba kuba "intore", kandi abagore ntibasabwa byanze bikunze kugira icyo bahindura mubikorwa byabo.Igihe cyose bashobora guhitamo imibereho bakunda kandi bakayishimira, ni akamaro k'iri serukiramuco.Feminism igomba kwemerera abagore kugira umudendezo wo kuzura imbere no guhitamo kimwe.
Imodoka zituma abantu barushaho kwidegembya, naho abagore bakagira abantu neza!Imodoka ituma abagore buntu kandi beza!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-10-2023