"Gusohoka" mu bigo byizamuka kandi byinjira mu bucuruzi bushya bw’inganda z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa byabaye ikintu cyerekana iterambere ry’isoko.Munsi nkiyi, kwishyuza ibigo birunda byihutisha imiterere yamasoko yo hanze.
Mu minsi mike ishize, ibitangazamakuru bimwe byatangaje amakuru nkaya.Icyegeranyo giheruka kwambuka imipaka cyashyizwe ahagaragara na sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba cyerekana ko amahirwe yo mu mahanga yo mu mahanga y’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu zishyuza ibirundo byiyongereyeho 245% mu mwaka ushize, kandi mu gihe kiri imbere hari hafi inshuro eshatu umwanya ukenewe, uzaba a amahirwe mashya ku mishinga yo mu gihugu.
Mubyukuri, mu ntangiriro za 2023, hamwe n’ihinduka rya politiki ijyanye n’amasoko yo hanze, kohereza ibicuruzwa bishya by’ingufu zishyuza ibirundo bihura n’amahirwe mashya n’ibibazo.
Gusaba icyuho ariko politiki irahinduka
Kugeza ubu, icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kwishyuza ibirundo biterwa ahanini no kumenyekanisha byihuse ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu ku isi.Imibare irerekana ko mu 2022, kugurisha imodoka nshya z’ingufu ku isi byageze kuri miliyoni 10.824, byiyongereyeho 61,6% ku mwaka.Dufatiye ku isoko ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zo mu mahanga zonyine, mu gihe politiki ifasha kuzamura ibinyabiziga byose, hari icyuho kinini gisabwa cyo kwishyuza ibirundo, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika, aho inganda zo mu gihugu zohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi.
Vuba aha, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi yemeje gusa umushinga w’itegeko ryo guhagarika igurishwa ry’imodoka zikoresha lisansi mu Burayi mu 2035. Ibi bivuze kandi ko izamuka ry’igurisha ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Burayi rizatuma rwose izamuka ry’icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibirundo .Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi kivuga ko mu myaka 10 iri imbere, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu by’Uburayi byishyuza isoko ry’ibirundo bizava kuri miliyari 5 z'amayero mu 2021 bigere kuri miliyari 15 z'amayero.De Mayo, perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga by’iburayi, yavuze ko iterambere ry’ishyirwaho ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi “bitari bihagije”.Kugirango dushyigikire guhindura inganda zikora amashanyarazi kugirango amashanyarazi, 14000 ibirundo byo kwishyuza bigomba kongerwaho buri cyumweru, mugihe umubare nyawo muriki cyiciro ari 2000 gusa.
Vuba aha, politiki yo kuzamura ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu muri Amerika nayo yabaye "radical".Nk’uko gahunda ibiteganya, mu 2030, umugabane w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu kugurisha imodoka nshya muri Amerika uzagera nibura kuri 50%, kandi ibirundo 500000 byo kwishyuza bizaba bifite ibikoresho.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, guverinoma y’Amerika irateganya gushora miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo kwishyuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Twabibutsa ko igipimo cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi muri Amerika kiri munsi ya 10%, kandi umwanya munini w’iterambere ry’isoko ritanga amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere mu bigo byishyuza ibirundo by’imbere mu gihugu.
Icyakora, leta zunzubumwe zamerika ziherutse gutangaza urwego rushya rwo kubaka ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byishyuza ikirundo.Ibirundo byose byishyurwa byatewe inkunga n itegeko rigenga ibikorwa remezo muri Amerika bigomba gukorerwa mu karere kandi ibyangombwa bigahita bitangira gukurikizwa.Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bireba bigomba gukurikiza amahame nyamukuru yo kwishyuza yo muri Amerika, aribyo “Sisitemu yo kwishyuza” (CCS).
Ihinduka rya politiki rigira ingaruka ku mishinga myinshi yishyuza ibirundo byitegura kandi byateje imbere amasoko yo hanze.Kubwibyo, ibigo byinshi byishyuza ibirundo byakiriye ibibazo byabashoramari.Shuangjie Electric yavuze ku rubuga rw’imikoranire y’abashoramari ko iyi sosiyete ifite ibyiciro byinshi by’amashanyarazi ya AC, amashanyarazi ya DC n’ibindi bicuruzwa, kandi ikaba yarabonye impamyabumenyi y’abatanga ikigo cya Leta Grid Corporation.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa by ibirundo byoherejwe muri Arabiya Sawudite, Ubuhinde ndetse no mu bindi bihugu n’uturere, kandi bizakomeza kuzamurwa mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwagura amasoko yo hanze.
Kubisabwa bishya byashyizweho na leta zunzubumwe z’Amerika, inganda zishyuza ibirundo by’imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwoherezwa mu mahanga zimaze guhanura.Umuntu bireba wa Shenzhen Daotong Technology Co., Ltd. (nyuma yiswe "Ikoranabuhanga rya Daotong") yabwiye umunyamakuru ko ingaruka z’amasezerano mashya y’Amerika zazirikanwe igihe zashyirwagaho intego yo kugurisha mu 2023, bityo ingaruka zayo muri sosiyete zari nto.Biravugwa ko Daotong Technology yateguye kubaka uruganda muri Amerika.Biteganijwe ko uruganda rushya ruzuzura rugashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2023. Kugeza ubu, umushinga uragenda neza.
Wungukire "inyanja yubururu" bigoye mu iterambere
Byumvikane ko icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibirundo kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba gituruka ahanini ku masoko y’Uburayi n’Amerika, muri byo Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Irilande, Amerika na Nouvelle-Zélande ni byo bihugu bitanu byambere mu bijyanye no gukundwa n’ikirundo gushakisha.Byongeye kandi, urutonde rwambukiranya imipaka ya Sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba rugaragaza kandi ko abaguzi bo mu mahanga ibirundo byo kwishyuza mu gihugu ahanini ari abadandaza baho, bangana na 30%;Abashoramari bubaka nabateza imbere umutungo buri konte ya 20%.
Umuntu ufitanye isano n’ikoranabuhanga rya Daotong yabwiye umunyamakuru ko kuri ubu, ibicuruzwa byishyuza ibicuruzwa ku isoko ryo muri Amerika ya Ruguru ahanini bituruka ku bakiriya b’ubucuruzi baho, kandi imishinga y’ingoboka ya leta ikaba ifite umubare muto ugereranije.Ariko, mugihe kirekire, gukumira politiki bizagenda bikomera, cyane cyane kubisabwa ninganda zabanyamerika.
Isoko ryo kwishyiriraho ibirundo mu gihugu rimaze kuba "inyanja itukura", naho "inyanja yubururu" mumahanga bivuze ko hashobora kubaho inyungu nyinshi.Biravugwa ko iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo by’imodoka nshya z’ingufu ku masoko y’Uburayi n’Amerika bitinze kurenza ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.Uburyo bwo guhatana bushingiye cyane, kandi inyungu rusange yibicuruzwa iri hejuru cyane ugereranije nisoko ryimbere mu gihugu.Umuntu w’inganda utashatse ko izina rye ritangazwa yabwiye umunyamakuru ati: “imishinga ihuza imishinga irashobora kugera ku nyungu rusange ya 30% ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, ubusanzwe ikaba 50% ku isoko ry’Amerika, n’inyungu rusange. ya DC ibirundo bimwe na bimwe ni hejuru ya 60%.Urebye ibintu byo gukora amasezerano muri Amerika, biteganijwe ko hazakomeza kubaho inyungu rusange ya 35% kugeza 40%.Byongeye kandi, igiciro cy’ibiciro byo kwishyuza ibirundo muri Amerika kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, rishobora kwemeza rwose inyungu. ”
Ariko, kugirango hafatwe "inyungu" yisoko ryo hanze, ibigo byishyuza ibirundo byimbere mu gihugu biracyakeneye kuzuza ibisabwa byicyemezo gisanzwe cyabanyamerika, kugenzura ubuziranenge mubishushanyo mbonera, gufata ingingo hamwe nibikorwa byibicuruzwa, no gutsindira inyungu kubiciro. .Kugeza ubu, ku isoko ry’Amerika, ibigo byinshi by’abashinwa bishyuza ibirundo biracyari mu gihe cy’iterambere no gutanga ibyemezo.Umuganga wishyuza ikirundo yabwiye umunyamakuru ati: “Biragoye gutsinda icyemezo cy’Abanyamerika gisanzwe cyo kwishyuza ibirundo, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byose bikoresha imiyoboro bigomba gutsinda icyemezo cya FCC (Komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika), kandi amashami bireba muri Amerika arakaze cyane kuri iyi 'karita'. ”
Wang Lin, umuyobozi w’isoko ryo mu mahanga rya Shenzhen Yipule Technology Co., Ltd., yavuze ko iyi sosiyete yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi mu guteza imbere amasoko yo hanze.Kurugero, igomba guhuza na moderi zitandukanye kandi ikuzuza amahame n'amabwiriza atandukanye;Birakenewe kwiga no gusuzuma iterambere ryamashanyarazi ningufu nshya kumasoko yagenewe;Birakenewe kunoza ibyifuzo byumutekano wurusobe uko umwaka utashye ukurikije iterambere ryiterambere rya interineti yibintu.
Nk’uko umunyamakuru abitangaza ngo kuri ubu, imwe mu ngorane zihura n’inganda zishyuza ibirundo byo mu ngo mu “gusohoka” ni porogaramu, ikeneye gukemura ibibazo bikenewe kugira ngo umutekano w’ubwishyu bw’abakoresha, umutekano w’amakuru, umutekano wishyuza ibinyabiziga no kunoza uburambe.
Ati: “Mu Bushinwa, hagaragaye igenzura ry'ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza kandi rishobora kugira uruhare runini ku isoko mpuzamahanga.”Yang Xi, impuguke nkuru akaba n'indorerezi yigenga mu binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi yishyuza ibirundo, yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Nubwo ibihugu cyangwa uturere biha agaciro kanini iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza, kutagira ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho ibirundo n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano ni ukuri kudashidikanywaho.Uruganda rushya rw’ibinyabiziga rushya rw’ingufu rushobora kuzuza iki gice cy’isoko. ”
Icyitegererezo gishya hamwe numuyoboro wa digitale
Mu nganda zo kwishyuza ibirundo mu gihugu, igice kinini cyibigo bito n'ibiciriritse.Nyamara, kubucuruzi bushya bwo hanze busabwa nko kwishyuza ibirundo, hariho inzira nke zamasoko gakondo, bityo igipimo cyo gukoresha digitale kizaba kinini.Umunyamakuru yamenye ko Wuhan Hezhi Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (nyuma yiswe “Hezhi Digital Energy”) yagerageje kwagura ubucuruzi bwo mu mahanga kuva mu 2018, kandi abakiriya bose bo kuri interineti baturuka kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa by'isosiyete byagurishijwe mu bihugu n'uturere birenga 50 ku isi.Mu gikombe cyisi cya 2022 Qatar, Ubwenge bwatanze ibikoresho 800 byo kwishyuza bisi zamashanyarazi mukarere.Urebye ahantu heza ho "gusohokera" mu bucuruzi bwo hejuru no mu majyepfo mu ruganda rushya rw’inganda zikoresha amamodoka, leta igomba guhitamo bikwiye imishinga mito n'iciriritse muri politiki, ishobora kugira uruhare mu kuzamura.
Nkuko Wang Lin abibona, isoko ryo kwishyuza ibirundo mu mahanga ryerekana inzira eshatu: icya mbere, uburyo bwa serivisi bushingiye kuri interineti, hamwe n’ubufatanye bwuzuye hagati y’abatanga urubuga n’abakora, bugaragaza ibiranga ubucuruzi bwa SaaS (software nka serivisi);Iya kabiri ni V2G.Bitewe nibiranga imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa mumahanga, ibyiringiro byayo biratanga ikizere.Irashobora gukoresha cyane bateri yumuriro wamashanyarazi mubice bitandukanye byingufu nshya, harimo kubika ingufu zo murugo, kugenzura amashanyarazi, no gucuruza amashanyarazi;Icya gatatu nicyiciro gikenewe ku isoko.Ugereranije na AC pile, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwisoko rya DC birihuta cyane mumyaka mike iri imbere.
Dukurikije amasezerano mashya yavuzwe haruguru y’Amerika, kwishyuza ibigo by’ibirundo cyangwa amashyaka y’ubwubatsi bireba bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bibiri kugirango ubone inkunga: icya mbere, kwishyiriraho ikirundo cy’icyuma / icyuma gikorerwa muri Amerika kandi giteranyirizwa muri Amerika;icya kabiri, 55% by'igiciro cyose cy'ibice n'ibigize bikorerwa muri Amerika, kandi igihe cyo kuyishyira mu bikorwa ni nyuma ya Nyakanga 2024. Mu gusubiza iyi politiki, bamwe mu bari mu nganda bagaragaje ko usibye umusaruro no guteranya, ikirundo cyo kwishyuza mu gihugu; ibigo birashobora gukora ubucuruzi bwongerewe agaciro nkibishushanyo, kugurisha na serivisi, kandi amarushanwa yanyuma aracyari ikoranabuhanga, imiyoboro nabakiriya.
Yang Xi yizera ko ahazaza h’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishyuza isoko ry’ibirundo muri Amerika zishobora guterwa n’inganda zaho.Ibigo bitari muri Amerika n’inganda zitarashinga inganda muri Amerika zihura n’ibibazo bikomeye.Kuri we, kwimenyekanisha biracyari ikizamini ku masoko yo hanze yo muri Amerika.Kuva umushinga wo gutanga ibikoresho, kugeza kumikorere yimikorere, kugenzura imari, inganda zishyuza ibirundo byabashinwa zigomba gusobanukirwa byimazeyo amategeko, amabwiriza n’umuco gakondo kugirango batsinde amahirwe yubucuruzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2023